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FreeRTOS_recvfrom()

[FreeRTOS+TCP API Reference]

FreeRTOS_sockets.h 
int32_t FreeRTOS_recvfrom( Socket_t xSocket,
                           void *pvBuffer,
                           size_t xBufferLength,
                           uint32_t ulFlags,
                           struct freertos_sockaddr *pxSourceAddress,
                           socklen_t *pxSourceAddressLength );

Receive data from a UDP socket (see FreeRTOS_recv() for the TCP equivalent). The socket must have already been created by a successful call to FreeRTOS_socket().

This function can be used with standard calling semantics, or zero copy calling semantics:

  • Standard recvfrom() semantics

    Data is copied from a network buffer inside the TCP/IP stack into the buffer pointed to by the pvBuffer parameter.

    The standard recvfrom() semantics are used when the ulFlags parameter does not have the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set. See the example at the bottom of this page, and other application examples provided on this website.

  • Zero copy recvfrom() semantics

    The application writer receives from the TCP/IP stack a reference to the buffer that already contains the received data. No data is copied.

    The zero copy recvfrom() semantics are used when the ulFlags parameter has the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set. See the examples at the bottom of this page, and other application examples provided on this website.

FreeRTOS_recvfrom() has an optional timeout. The timeout defaults to portMAX_DELAY and is modified using FreeRTOS_setsockopt(). If the receive operation cannot complete immediately because there is no data queued on the socket to receive then the calling RTOS task will be held in the Blocked state (so that other tasks can execute) until either data has been received, or the timeout expires.

FreeRTOS+TCP does not [currently] use all the function parameters. The parameters that are not used are retained in the function's prototype to ensure consistency with the expected standard Berkeley sockets API, and to ensure compatibility with future versions of FreeRTOS+TCP.

Parameters:

xSocket   The handle of the socket from which data is being read. The socket must have already been created (see FreeRTOS_socket()).

pvBuffer   If the standard calling semantics are used (the ulFlags parameter does not have the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set) then pvBuffer points to the buffer into which received data will be copied.

If the zero copy calling semantics are used (the ulFlags parameter does have the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set) then *pvBuffer will be set (by FreeRTOS_recvfrom()) to point to the buffer that already holds the received data. pvBuffer is used to pass a reference to the received data out of FreeRTOS_recvfrom() without any data being copied.

The example at the bottom of this page, and other application examples provided on this website, demonstrate FreeRTOS_recvfrom() being used with both the standard and zero copy calling semantics.

xBufferLength   If the standard calling semantics are used (the ulFlags parameter does not have the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set) then xBufferLength must be set to the size in bytes of the buffer pointed to by the pvBuffer parameter.

If the zero copy calling semantics are used (the ulFlasg parameter does not have the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set) then pvBuffer does not point to a buffer and xBufferLength is not used.

ulFlags   A bitwise set of options that affect the receive operation.

If ulFlags has the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set, then the function will use the zero copy semantics, otherwise the function will use the traditional copy mode semantics. See the description of the pvBuffer parameter above.

Future FreeRTOS+TCP versions may implement other bits.

pxSourceAddress   A pointer to a freertos_sockaddr structure that will be set (by FreeRTOS_recvrom()) to contain the IP address and port number of the socket that sent the data just received. See the example below.

pxSourceAddressLength   Not currently used, but should be set to sizeof( struct freertos_sockaddr ) to ensure future compatibility.

Returns:

If no bytes are received before the configured block time expires then -pdFREERTOS_ERRNO_EWOULDBLOCK is returned.

If the socket is not bound to a port number then -pdFREERTOS_ERRNO_EINVAL is returned.

If the socket received a signal, causing the read operation to be aborted, then -pdFREERTOS_ERRNO_EINTR is returned.

If data is successfully received then the number of bytes received is returned.

Example usage:

The first example receives from a socket using the standard calling semantics (see below for another example that uses the zero copy calling semantics). The socket is passed in as the function parameter, and is assumed to have already been created using a call to FreeRTOS_socket(), and bound to an address using a call to FreeRTOS_bind() 


/* FreeRTOS+TCP sockets include. */
#define "FreeRTOS_sockets.h"

void vStandardReceiveExample( Socket_t xSocket )
{
/* Note - the RTOS task stack must be big enough to hold this array!. */
uint8_t ucBuffer[ 128 ];
int8_t cIPAddressString[ 16 ];
struct freertos_sockaddr xSourceAddress;
int32_t iReturned;
socklen_t xClientAddressLength = 0;

    /* Receive into the buffer with ulFlags set to 0, so the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit
    is clear. */
    iReturned = FreeRTOS_recvfrom(
                                    /* The socket data is being received on. */
                                    xSocket,
                                    /* The buffer into which received data will be
                                    copied. */
                                    ucBuffer,
                                    /* The length of the buffer into which data will be
                                    copied. */
                                    128,
                                    /* ulFlags with the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit clear. */
                                    0,
                                    /* Will get set to the source of the received data. */
                                    &xSourceAddress,
                                    /* Not used but should be set as shown. */
                                    &xAddressLength
                               );

    if( iReturned > 0 )
    {
        /* Data was received from the socket.  Prepare the IP address for
        printing to the console by converting it to a string. */
        FreeRTOS_inet_ntoa( xSourceAddress.sin_addr, ( char * ) cIPAddressString );

        /* Print out details of the data source. */
        printf( "Received %d bytes from IP address %s port number %d\r\n",
                    iReturned, /* The number of bytes received. */
                    cIPAddressString, /* The IP address that sent the data. */
                    FreeRTOS_ntohs( xSourceAddress.sin_port ) ); /* The source port. */
    }
}
Example using FreeRTOS_recvfrom() with the standard (as opposed to zero copy) calling semantics


This second example received from a socket using the zero copy calling semantics (see above for an example that uses the standard calling semantics). The socket is passed in as the function parameter, and is assumed to have already been created using a call to FreeRTOS_socket(), and bound to a port number using FreeRTOS_bind(). 


/* FreeRTOS+TCP sockets include. */
#define "FreeRTOS_sockets.h"

void vZeroCopyReceiveExample( Socket_t xSocket )
{
struct freertos_sockaddr xSourceAddress;
uint8_t *pucReceivedUDPPayload;
int32_t iReturned;

    /* Receive using the zero copy semantics.  The address of the
    pucReceivedUDPPayload pointer is passed in the pvBuffer parameter. */
    iReturned = FreeRTOS_recvfrom(
                                        /* The socket being received from. */
                                        xSocket,
                                        /* pucReceivedUDPPayload will get
                                        set to points to the received data. */
                                        &pucReceivedUDPPayload,
                                        /* Ignored because the pvBuffer parameter
                                        does not point to a buffer. */
                                        0,
                                        /* ulFlags with the FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY bit set. */
                                        FREERTOS_ZERO_COPY,
                                        /* Will get set to the source of the received
                                        data. */
                                        &xSourceAddress,
                                        /* Not used but should be set as shown. */
                                        sizeof( xSourceAddress )
                                    );

    if( iReturned > 0 )
    {
        /* Data was received from the socket.  Convert the IP address to a
        string. */
        FreeRTOS_inet_ntoa( xSourceAddress.sin_addr, ( char * ) cIPAddressString );

        /* Print out details of the data source. */
        printf( "Received %d bytes from IP address %s port number %d\r\n",
                    iReturned, /* The number of bytes received. */
                    cIPAddressString, /* The IP address that sent the data. */
                    FreeRTOS_ntohs( xSourceAddress.sin_port ) ); /* The source port. */

        /* pucReceivedUDPPayload now points to the received data.  For
        example, *pucReceivedUDPPayload (or pucReceivedUDPPayload[ 0 ]) is the first
        received byte.  *(pucReceivedUDPPayload + 1 ) (or pucReceivedUDPPayload[ 1 ])
        is the second received byte, etc.

        The application writer is now responsible for the buffer.  To prevent
        memory and network buffer leaks the buffer *must* be returned to the IP
        stack when it is no longer required.  The following call is used to
        return the buffer. */
        FreeRTOS_ReleaseUDPPayloadBuffer( ( void * ) pucReceivedUDPPayload );
    }
}
Example using FreeRTOS_recvfrom() with the zero copy calling semantics


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